There is a type of "active" composite that has the properties you are
describing. It is a laminate composite consisting of piezo-electric
ceramics and shape-memory alloys from the nickel-titanium family.
When vibrations hit the ceramic outer laminate, the ceramic acts as a
transducer, converting the vibration into an electrical signal. The signal
is inverted (It may be inverted via an anisotropic material property. I am
not sure.) and fed into the shape-memory alloy. The alloy flexes and
reproduces the inverted signal, similar to a speaker, through the ceramic.
The net effect is that the material nulls the vibration, but produces heat
with the excess energy. This composite is being considered for use as a
solid state vibration damping mechanism in macro structures such as aircraft
wings and sensitive machinery. I understand it is extremely effective.
A more advanced version of this technology is being studied for next
generation submarine stealth technologies. Preliminary tests indicate that
it is possible to make a submarine invisible to active sonar in this way.
-James Rogers
jamesr@best.com