The 11/99 Scientific American has an article on "The Fate
of Life in the Universe", by L. Krauss and G. Starkman.
Abstract: "Billions of years ago the universe was too hot for
life to exist. Countless eons hence, it will become so cold
and emplty that life, no matter how ingenious, will perish."
They cite their preprint: http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/astro-ph/9902189
The SciAm article also says that Steven Frautschi of Caltech
in 82 explored the possibility of scavenging mass to feed a
black hole in an expanding universe. But neither the article
nor the preprint cite any such paper.
Robin Hanson rhanson@gmu.edu http://hanson.gmu.edu
Asst. Prof. Economics, George Mason University
MSN 1D3, Carow Hall, Fairfax VA 22030
703-993-2326 FAX: 703-993-2323