Life's Lethal Quality Control?

From: Terry W. Colvin (fortean1@mindspring.com)
Date: Tue Sep 02 2003 - 17:42:50 MDT

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    Science Frontiers, No. 149, Sep-Oct, 2003, p. 2
    < http://www.science-frontiers.com >

    BIOLOGY

    Life's Lethal Quality Control?

    Cancer is such a deadly scourge of life that one wonders why it was not
    strongly selected against and totally eliminated from all forms of life
    long ago. Does cancer's eons-long persistence among a wide spectrum of
    living things imply that it has some purpose---some positive value that
    we are blind to?

    In SF#30, back in 1983, it was observed that the incidence of cancer is
    strongly correlated with the complexity of organisms. It would seem
    therefore that cancer tends to damp out any tendency life has (or is
    given) to attain higher states of diversity and complexity. Some even
    hold that cancer is the price that must be paid by higher forms of life!

    But there is much more to be said about the potential roles of cancer in
    the development of human life.

    It must be recognized that the bulk of human cancers occur in individuals
    beyond the age of reproduction. If old-age cancer has an evolutionary
    purpose, it might be simply the reduction of the drain nonproducing oldsters
    place upon society.

    One can also speculate as do A. Leroi and J. Graham that cancer is one of
    evolution' methods of quality control. To be effective in this role,
    cancer must affect individuals capable of reproduction---before they
    reproduce. However, there are only a few lethal childhood cancers
    specifically associated with additions to human biological diversity. Two
    such examples are: brain cancer and bone cancer.

    These are interesting observations, but they alone can hardly account for
    the strong correlation between cancer incidence and complexity.

    J. Graham goes much further in his 1992 book _Cancer Selection_. There, he
    claims that cancer is *the* driving force in the creation of biological
    diversity. In other words, living things tend to evolve features that
    reduce the incidence of cancer. One of the examples Graham proposes is
    the evolution of shells by snails to protect themselves from cancer-inducing
    solar ultraviolet light. His book contains many more examples.

    (Watts, Geoff; "Life's Lethal Quality Control," *The Times Higher Education
    Supplement*, April 11, 2003. Cr. J. Graham.)

    Comment. Since cancer has survived the filtering action of natural
    selection for hundreds of millions of years and attacks so many organs
    in so many diverse species, we wonder if it has a single, simplistic
    explanation.

    -- 
    “Only a zit on the wart on the heinie of progress.” Copyright 1992, Frank Rice
    Terry W. Colvin, Sierra Vista, Arizona (USA) < fortean1@mindspring.com >
         Alternate: < fortean1@msn.com >
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