Authors
Santangelo A. Peracchi M. Conte D. Fraquelli M. Porrini M.
Institution
Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Milan, Italy.
Nutr:lab@imiucca.csi.unimi.it
Title
Physical state of meal
affects gastric emptying, cholecystokinin release and satiety.
Source
British Journal of Nutrition. 80(6):521-7, 1998 Dec.
Abstract
To verify the influence of food consistency on satiety mechanisms we
evaluated the effects of the same meal in solid-liquid (SM)
and homogenized (HM) form on satiety sensation, gastric emptying rate and
plasma cholecystokinin (CCK) concentration. Eight healthy men, aged 21-28
(mean 24.5) years were given two meals (cooked vegetables
250 g, cheese 35 g, croutons 50 g and olive oil 25 g, total energy 2573 kJ,
with water 300 ml) differing only in physical
state: SM and HM. The subjects consumed the
meals in randomized order on non-consecutive days. The
sensations of fullness, satiety and desire to eat were evaluated by means of
a questionnaire, gastric emptying was assessed by ultrasonographic
measurement of antral area, and plasma CCK concentration was measured by
radioimmunoassay. The vegetable-rich meal was significantly
more satiating (P < 0.05) when in the HM form than when eaten in a SM
state. Furthermore, the overall gastric emptying time was
significantly slowed (255 (SEM 11) min after HM v. 214 (SEM 12) min after SM;
P < 0.05) and CCK peak occurred later (94 (SEM 12) min after HM v. 62 (SEM