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From: Tony Hollick, | To: ADM Noel Gayler, USN (Ret.)
4, Grayling House, | 2111 Mason Hill Drive
Canford Road, | Alexandria,
Bristol BS9 3 NU, | Virginia 22306,
England. (0117)-9252455 | United States of America
Telephone (0117)-9871484 | Telephone 001-703-765-7866
=============================================================================
Anduril@CIX.compulink.co.uk | Fax: 001 703 765 7866 + tel
C4ISR@Agora.demon.co.uk | -------------------------
http://maelstrom.stjohns.edu/Archives/LA-Agora
http://www.agora.demon.co.uk
==============================================================================
Dear Admiral Gayler, 30 September, 1997
Again, thank you so much for speaking with me when I've telephoned you from
Bristol, England at your home in Alexandria over the last couple
of years. I really enjoy our conversation so much -- a
dream come true (for me, anyway!). Magic!!! >:-}
A word on methodology: my approach to problem-solving is basically
that of Karl Popper; and more particularly, Imre Lakatos'
proposals in his "The Methodology of Scientific Research
Programmes" (Cambridge, [1978]). These are among the most
powerful and effective instruments of intellectual weaponry I
know of. I sent you Bryan Magee's wonderful little book "Popper"
as a gift from me to you; and to 'repay forward' the work you've
done already for peace with freedom.
[ I have to admit to sometimes 'speaking through quotations': if
others say what I want said better than I can say it, 'let them
fly'! ]
I *don't* start from the problems of the _specific means of
warfare, important though these are (especially nuclear weapons).
With Heisenberg, I don't think these are the basic -- or even the
worst -- problem: My primary concern is with 'The Causes of War'
(see Geoffrey Blainey's classic academic text of this name, publ.
Sun Books, Melbourne). Blainey's view (following analysis of
several hundred wars from 1700 to 1971) amounts to the conclusion
that wars arise as a result of faulty intelligence evaluations of
one's own or the other side's interests, aims, strengths and will
to fight; wars "usually begin when two [or more] nations disagree
on their relative strength, and wars usually cease when the
fighting nations agree on their relative strength."
And I think the problems of disarmament can actually be more
readily resolved long-term by something like the twelve-track
strategy I outline here, with the tracks running separately yet
simultaneously, more or less in parallel (an Integrated
Operational Plan for worldwide peace with freedom, if you like!).
Such a plan incorporates specific advances to general nuclear
disarmament, while (hopefully) avoiding the dangers of open-ended
non-nuclear warfare. Its central focus is upon what we're
fighting for -- and against -- and the means by which we fight;
and upon the human and material costs.
Still, there are indeed 'no final moves'!
----------- * * * * * -----------
TITLE: "William Hood on war"
TEXT: "Like war, spying is a dirty business. Shed of its alleged glory, a
soldier's job is to kill. Peel away the claptrap of espionage and the spy's
job is to betray trust. The only justification a soldier or a spy can have is
the moral worth of the cause he represents."
William Hood was deputy to James Jesus Angleton, legendary Director
of CIA counterintelligence; 'Mole' p. 11; publ. Weidenfeld's [1982].
I've discussed various problems with William Hood very recently.
He's contactable through the AFIO.
----------- * * * * * -----------
[01] TITLE: 'Values as the expression of the central order'
TEXT: 'The problem of values is nothing but the problems of our acts,
goals and morals. It concerns the compass by which we must steer our
ship if we are to set a true course through life. The compass itself
has been given different names by various religions and philosophies
... but I have a clear impression that all such formulations try to
express man's relatedness to a central order. In the final analysis
the central order, or the 'One' as it used to be called with which we
commune in the language of religion, must win out....
If we ask Western man what is good, what is worth striving for and
what has to be rejected, we shall find time and again, that his
answers reflect the ethical norms of Christianity even when he has
long since lost all touch with Christian images and parables. If the
magnetic force which has guided this particular compass - and what
else was its source but the central order? - should ever become
extinguished, _terrible_ things may happen to mankind, far
more terrible even than concentration camps and atom bombs.'
Werner Heisenberg, [1971] 'Physics and beyond: encounters and
conversations', published by George Allen and Unwin, London.
Thorpe is emphatic in asserting that we must never forget that such a
conclusion must on no account be attributed solely to the Western insights
stemming from the Christian revelation; he gives the following Admonitions as a
further example, drawn from the Amerindian tribe of the Shawnees (who were
dispossessed of their Oklahoma lands in 1839).
TITLE: The Shawnee Admonitions:
TEXT: (1) "Do not kill or injure your neigbour, for it is not him you injure,
you injure yourself."
(2) "Do not wrong or hate your neighbour, for it is not him that you
wrong, you wrong yourself. Moneto, the Supreme Being. loves him also as she
loves you."
Quoted from W.H. Thorpe, 'Purpose in a World of Chance' Oxford [1978].
A Biologist's View. George, Allen and Unwin.
This is clearly related via the central order to the (negative)
Judaic injunction not to do unto one's neighbour that which one would
not wish to befall one's self. My own -- perhaps agnostic --
orientation is nearer Taoism [and Greek mythology]; but these ethical
principles are capable of reformulation for most spiritual -- and even
humanistic or 'atheistic' -- contexts.
----------- * * * * * -----------
[02] TITLE: "The Role of the Sciences"
TEXT: I am constantly reminded of the role of the Newtonian
foundations in Kantian ethics. I do think that the near-destruction
of 'Classical Physics' was a tragedy that broke the self-confident --
Kantian -- foundations of 19th Century liberal optimism and rational
expectations of a better future, and further opened the door to the
barbarism of Prussian militarism, aggressive racial nationalism,
Marxism and National Socialism in the 20th Century.
I've spent much of the last 10 years working on a Scientific
Research Programme which is founded on an extended Classical
Mechanics, which replaces Special Relativity and General Relativity
and Quantum Mechanics with an intelligible and accurate integrated
Scientific Research Programme -- Relational Mechanics -- which can be
stated on a sheet of A4 paper. Here's the 'Core Programme' of
Relational Mechanics: There's an accompanying 120K file which closely
argues for the programme on a positive 'balance-sheet' heuristic of
clarity, simplicity and accuracy in description, explanation and
prediction. 'Physics demystified!' >:-}
The latest Revision of 'Relational Mechanics' is available from:
http://www.agora.demon.co.uk
TITLE: A Scientific Research Programme of Relational Mechanics
TEXT: The basis of Relational Mechanics is the single principle, that
the laws of physics have the same form in all frames of reference in
uniform translation, and are the same everywhere. It extends Classical
Mechanics into the realms presently occupied by Special and General
Relativity and Quantum Mechanics.
Dimensional Analysis of Measure Ratios: Mass = M. Length = L. Time = T.
[1] MATTER IN INFINITE SPACE: Material objects having extension exist
in a space which is without intrinsic properties, and which exists to
infinity in every direction.
[2] UNIFORM TIME WITH UNIVERSAL SIMULTANEITY: The elapsing of time is
uniform and unidirectionally forward, with an instantaneous present
time which occurs at the same time - simultaneously - everywhere.
Signal intervals can be calculated to achieve corrected accurate
predictive and retrodictive data.
[3] EQUIVALENT GALILEAN RELATIVITY: All forces, material coordinate
positions and velocities are relational; and all co-ordinate systems
or frames of reference in uniform motion relative to one another are
Galileian systems. There is no privileged or "absolute" reference
frame. There is full addition of velocities across co-ordinate
systems or reference frames.
[4] GENERALIZATION OF THE LAWS OF MECHANICS: All the laws of
mechanics have the same form in every inertial frame of reference or
coordinate system.
[5] CLASSICAL MECHANICS: INERTIA: The stasis or movement of anything does not
change unless and until a force acts upon it.
[6] CLASSICAL MECHANICS: ACTION: A change in movement of anything is
proportional to the force acting upon it, and is made in the direction
of the force which acts upon it. (f = ma = ML/T^2; Force = mass times
acceleration).
[7] CLASSICAL MECHANICS: REACTION: For every action, there is an equal
reaction in the opposite direction. (f1 = -f2).
[8] RELATIONAL GRAVITATIONAL FORCE: The relational gravitational
attraction between massy objects is proportional to the sum of their
masses, and is proportional to the inverse square of the distance
between their centres of mass. If gravitational force should prove
to be propagated at a finite rate, and objects be moving radially
relative to each other, then the additional velocity-dependent
modification for propagated spherical forces, Woldemar
Voight's [1887] equations (later known as "Lorentz Transformations")
would be required, as a first approximation to non-linear equations
for delayed interaction over a distance.
[9] RELATIONAL ELECTRIC FORCE: The relational electric attraction or
repulsion between charged objects is inverse-square proportional to
the distance between them. If electric force proves to be propagated
at a finite rate, and objects be moving relative to each other, then
the additional velocity-dependent modification for propagated
spherical forces, Woldemar Voight's [1887] equations (later known as
"Lorentz Transformations") is required, as a first approximation to
non-linear equations for delayed interaction over a distance.
Coulomb's Law and Voight's equations yield Maxwell's equations
without further assumptions, as proved by Leigh Page, Yale Professor
of Mathematical Physics [1912] and [1913].
A. O'Rahilly, "Electromagnetics", Longmans & U. Cork, [1938] & Dover
[1965]
R.A. Waldron, "The Wave and Ballistic Theories of Light", F. Muller,
[1977]
R.A. Waldron, "Electric Forces", The Radio and Electronic Engineer,
Vol. 51 No. 11/12, pp. 553 to 560, November/December [1981].
Leigh Page, Yale University, [1912] and [1913].
[10] RELATIONAL MAGNETIC FORCE: The relational magnetic attraction or
repulsion between north and south magnets is inverse-square
proportional to the distance between them. If magnetic force proves
to be propagated at a finite rate, and objects be moving radially
relative to each other, then the additional velocity-dependent
modification for propagated spherical forces, Woldemar Voight's [1887]
equations (later known as "Lorentz Transformations") would be
required, as a first approximation to non-linear equations for delayed
interaction over a distance.
The [static] lines of magnetic force follow from the force
interactions described by Poisson's equations.
A. O'Rahilly, "Electromagnetics", Longmans & U. Cork, [1938] & Dover
[1965]
R.A. Waldron, "The Wave and Ballistic Theories of Light", F. Muller,
[1977]
R.A. Waldron, "Electric Forces", The Radio and Electronic Engineer,
Vol. 51 No. 11/12, pp. 553 to 560, November/December [1981].
[11] QUANTIZED MASS AND ENERGY VALUE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION:
Electromagnetic structures which are radiated and absorbed ('photons')
have intrinsic mass, and this mass occurs in in multiples of a minimum
mass. This mass, when in linear translation and with up to three axes
of classical rotation, ('spins') as well as three degrees of
vibration, gives rise to quantum effects. Such electromagnetic
structures ('photons') are made from the same material as other forms
of matter - negatively charged microparticles (which we can call
electrinos); positively-charged microparticles, (which we may call
positrinos). There are also neutral microparticles, (presently called
neutrinos).
In free space the velocity of emittance of a radiated photon
_relative to its source_ is constant at L/T = 299,792.485 + or -
.0012 km/second.
E = hv, where E is the energy value of the photon; v is its
frequency; and h is Planck's constant, which has the measure-ratio of
ML^2/T, and is presently calculated as 6.6262 x 10^-34 Joules/second.
There is accordingly a lower as well as an upper limit to photon
size. Relevant equations may be found in R.A. Waldron, [1977] and
[1982].
These quantized electromagnetic structures, in conjunction with
Beckmann's [1987] theory of electron orbits, provide the basis for
developing the quantized dynamics of particle systems, including
atoms and molecules.
R.A. Waldron, "The Wave and Ballistic Theories of Light", F. Muller,
[1977]
R.A. Waldron, "The Spinning Photon", Speculations in Science and
Technology, Elsevier Sequoia S.A., 5 April 1982.
P. Beckmann, "Einstein plus Two", Golem Press [1987].
[12] CONSERVATION LAWS: There is full conservation of mass; full
conservation of energy over time; and full conservation of momentum.
Mass is invariant with respect to relative velocities, as are length
and time.
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[ Copyright Anthony Hugh Hollick, Bristol, England. April 22, 1995 ]
============================================================================
It may assist understanding to think about RM like this:
[A] Take Classical Mechanics: (Start with T.W.B. Kibble's fine text):
[B] Add relational electric and magnetic and gravitational forces:
[C] Add a velocity of force propagation ('c'), which delays far-action:
[D] Add a full ballistic ('particle' or 'photon') theory of EM radiation.
"Classical Mechanics is everywhere exatly 'right' wherever its
concepts can be applied." -- Werner Heisenberg. (That is, everywhere).
----------- * * * * * -----------
[03] TITLE: "The Role of Philosopy in the Furtherance of Open Societies"
Popper's "The Open Society and Its Enemies" is a basic text, as is
his [1994] "The Myth Of the Framework." Tarski's Correspondence
theory of truth is central; and Lakatos and Musgrave [1976] is also
'essential reading', as is John Hospers' fine book 'An Introduction to
Philosophical Analysis. And even David Carradine's fine book 'The
Spirit of Shaolin' <smiles>. [1997: And Immannuel Kant., 'Was ist
Aufklarung?'].
----------- * * * * * -----------
[04] TITLE: "The Role of the Arts"
TEXT: "They were wrong, and they will always be wrong, those prophets
who say Art will degenerate, will exhaust all conceivable forms, will
die. It is we who will die; Art will remain. And shall we -- before
we perish -- manage to understand all its facets and all its purposes?
Not everything has a name. Some things lead us into a realm
beyond words. Art thaws even the frozen, darkened soul, opening it to
lofty spiritual experience. Through Art we are sometimes sent --
indistinctly, briefly -- revelations not to be achieved by rational
thought.
It is like that small mirror in the fairy-tales -- you glance in
it, and what you see is not yourself: for an instant, you glimpse the
Inaccessible, where no horse or magic carpet can take you. And the
soul cries out for it..."
From 'One Word of Truth...' -- The Nobel Speech on Literature; by
Alexander Solzhenitsyn: BBC External Services Translation, Publ. The
Bodley Head [1972]
The brilliant American actress Dorothy Jean Seberg, from
Marshalltown, Iowa, (see her in incomparable performances, in Otto
Preminger's 'St. Joan', where -- as a 17-year-old girl -- she was
chosen from 10 000 to play Joan of Arc; and in Robert Rossen's
magnificent film 'Lilith.') was hideously and protractedly killed as a
direct consequence of FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover's malicious actions
against her.
Hoover circulated vicious press stories including one that the
baby she was expecting was of mixed race, and imposed unbearable
pressures on her. She miscarried, and subsequently tried to kill
herself on each anniversity of her lost baby's death. She was later
found dead in Paris, her body stuffed into a car trunk by the side of
the road).
David Richards' biography of Jean Seberg is titled 'Played Out.'
And radical actress Frances Farmer's horrifying autobiography, "Will
There Really Be A Morning?" (filmed as 'Frances' with Jessica Lange.
[1983]) as a truly terrifying public warning of the perils and
consequences of coercive psychiatry. We _cannot_ allow such
terrorist acts be committed against people anymore.
----------- * * * * * -----------
[05] TITLE: "Realizing Human Potential"
TEXT: I'm working intermittently on a -- shareware -- personal
computer multimedia programme which offers some of the benefits of the Human
Potential methods, inexpensively, on a more widespread basis. There
is quite a lot of interest in such technologies nowadays. The work of
LTC Jim Channon's 'First Earth Battalion Foundation' is also well
worth a look; as is the generality of work done on the realization of
Human Potential described in Pearson & Shaw's book "Life Extension --
A Practical Scientific Approach"; and "MegaBrain" by Michael
Hutchison.
Ms. Mary Kay Schmitz LeTourneau can make a fine multimedia presenter
and teacher for this programme, and I have asked her to consider
participating in the project.
----------- * * * * * -----------
[06] TITLE: "The Open Society and its Enemies"
TEXT: Over the years, I've developed a simple political and social
programme -- 'Democratic Agorism' -- which aims to provide both
assessment benchmarks and practical measures to achieve more fully
free and open societies worldwide. And Open Societies don't war with
each other...
Latest revisions of the 'Democratic Agorism' program available from:
The essential elements of Demopcratic Agorism are modular and synergistic:
They include:
[A] A contractually-based day-by-day electoral system - Vectored Politics
[B] Full-Liability Personal Indemnity Insurance, enabling full restitution.
[C] Personal Radio Alarms: for event-driven and customer-driven policing
[D] A Restitutive Legal System, with online 'courts' and arbitration.
[E] Good Basic Income Provision for all -- independent incomes for all.
[F] Networked information services and library facilities
[G] National Health Insurance chargecard and online diagnostic facilities
[H] Online education and skills-development facilities
[I] Tradenet buy/sell/swap/finance/work transaction services
[J] Packaged 'political' services provided via elected representatives
If all children (indeed, all of us) had these inexpensive radio
alarms, they would be greatly more secure from all kinds of abuse. I
have given this idea to Motorola Corporation. If (for instance)
JonBenet Ramsey had bean wearing one, she could have instantly
summoned help, and could be alive today.
I am a formal external adviser to the Boulder, Colorado District
Attorney's Office in her case.
(What was done to JonBenet Ramsay and to Mary Kay Schmitz
LeTourneau have matching patterns. See especially the section 'The
Little Fascist' in "What Do You Say After You Say 'Hello'? The
Psychology of Human Destiny" by Eric Berne MD).
----------- * * * * * -----------
[07] TITLE: "Wars of Ideas; Wars on Ideas"
TEXT: As Popper says ("The Myth Of The Framework"), civilization really
started with the invention of swords. Civilized and intelligent men
then saw that fighting with words makes better sense, with bad ideas
dying instead of people.
So I support wars of ideas waged on behalf of the ideas of the Open
Society, backed with:
Triple-track diplomacy (positive, negative and covert-action);
Psychological warfare (viz. Paul Myron Anthony Linebarger's
classic text of that name: did you ever meet him?); now expanded
to 'C4ISR' -- Command, Control, Communications, Computers,
Intelligence, Surveill;ance and Reconnaissance.
Information Warfare -- NSA's forte! >:-}
Special Forces (viz. "Swords of Lightning: The Changing Face of
Warfare" by Terry White; publ. Brassey's, [1992]; Special Forces
of the World.
Reactive 'Antiweaponry' Defences (Precision-Guided Munitions,
conventional antiballistic missile systems -- viz. the _original_
"High Frontier" ideas in Dan Graham's Heritage Foundation Project
Book of that name [1982], not the hyped-up SDI stuff that
dissipated the money and the political support which could have
built High Frontier's Layered Defense proposals.
I would ask you to please consider the "High Frontier" proposals
independently of your experience of the late Dan Graham: I was
impressed by the way he welcomed a visiting Soviet journalist to a
High Frontier presentation in London, and emphasised how the US
and the USSR could work together to block nuclear attack.
Some of our MoD and conservative people were averse to Strategic
Defense ideas because they feared the nullification of Britain's
'independent deterrent': yet our Trident systems rely on American
know-how for accuracy; and I'll not soon forget my Royal Navy
friend Peter McManus -- later a 'Top Gun' air combat trainer 'on
loan' to RAF Valley in the late 'Sixties -- telling me of the
terse reply they were given at their fighter-bomber mission
briefing, when someone asked how they were supposed to get 'back
home' again, when the nuclear targets were at the fighter-bombers'
limits of range:
"What do you think there will be to come home to"?
The aim of my sort of Twelve Track Operational Plan should be
to fight and win the war of ideas *peacefully* for the Open
Societies, transforming enemies into friends wherever this may be
possible.
----------- * * * * * -----------
[08] TITLE: "Horizontal Spontanous Social Orders"
TEXT: My preference is for the sorts of damage-resistant, adaptive
and resilient 'horizontal' free and equalitarian social orders
envisioned by (most of) the Lockean founders of the American Republic.
(If a quiet patriotism is the love of the _idea_ of a country, I'm
certainly a North American! I'm applying for political refugee status
in Canada right now --- I'm completely seriousl over this.
------------------- * * * * * ---------------
[09] TITLE: "Globalized Free Communications Networks"
Lots of Internets, with lots of alternative data-radio and
telecomms providers! Cheap or free powerful and secure personal
computers. Spontaneous orders then form from the free chices made by
the individual telecommunicators. David Andrews' excellent book "The
IRG Solution: Hierarchical Incompetence and How To Overcome It"
(Souvenir Press, [1984]) gives good insights into these social
processes and their internal dynamics.
Check out "The Blackbird MacroComputer Project" available free from:
http://www.agora.demon.co.uk
----------- * * * * * -----------
[10] TITLE: "The Role Of History".
TEXT: In 1944, Nash-Kelvinator Corporation ran this magazine
advertisement,showing a grim pilot, about to take on Zeros at twelve
o'clock, imagining this staccato message to his wife:-
"I want to tell you what I'm fighting for.. it's you and our
little house and the job I had before... and the chance I had, the
fighting chance, to go ahead on my own. That's what all of us want
out here... to win this war... to get home... To go back to living our
lives in a land -- and a world -- where *every* man is free to
grow as great as he's a mind to be... where *every* man has an
*unlimited* opportunity to be useful to himself and his
fellow men ...
"Tell 'em we'll be back... nothing can stop us... And tell 'em no
matter what they say, no matter what they do... to stay *free*.. to
keep America a land of *individual freedom*!
_That's_ what we're fighting for...
_That's_ what we're willing to die for...
_That's_ the America we want when we come home."
So say Mary Kay Schmitz Letourneau and I. Amen.
...............
"We had better figure out what happened if we expect any army,
conscript or volunteer, even to _remember_ what it's fighting for."
- Michael Levin
Note:
FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover was Lee Harvey Oswald's employer of
record at the time of the assassination of President John F. Kennedy,
according to evidence given by Texas Attorney-General Waggoner Carr,
who in his sworn testimony provided the Warren Commission with
Oswald's FBI employee number and salary details. Hoover wrote a day
later that Oswald 'acted alone...'
Well, he would say that, wouldn't he...
----------- * * * * * -----------
[11] TITLE: "WildFire Systems"
TEXT: By "WildFire Systems" I mean easily-propagated, decentralized,
'synergistic' and practical instantiations of free social innovations,
which replace existing faulty social practices with better, more mutually
advantageous relationships; e.g.
[a] Offices of Open Network (like Leif Smith's in Colorado - I
have a copy of their interesting 60pp Operating Manual).
[b] Information Exchanges (like CIX here in England - runs under COSY)
[c] Credit Unions (like Grameen Bank and North American CUs)
[d] Local Exchange Trading Systems (to 'kickstart' economic
activity where people have little or no money). Start-up
books are available.
[e] WishCraft Centres: Non-injurious 'wishes' are described on record
cards or computer record entries in this simple format:
TITLE: <five or six word summary>;
TEXT: 50 to 100 word description;
CONTACT: preferred contact mode or address
Participants then work to realize the wishes for each other.
----------- * * * * * -----------
[12] TITLE: "The Role Of Mythologies"
Science fiction has been aptly described as 'The Mythology of the 20th (and
21st) Century. Foremost among my favourites are Tolkien's 'Lord of the Rings'
(in which coercion is the main evil, and individual free will is the foundation
of the principal virtues). And Cordwainer Smith's incomparable stories (Dr.
Paul Linebarger's nom de plume)
And of course the mythology of Classical Greece.]
----------- * * * * * -----------
I hope you find these ideas worthy of your consideration and further
discussion; I'm really looking forward to hearing from you! I'm entirely
happy for you to discuss all this with others if you think it's worthwhile. I
have no secrets from the Puzzle Palace!! <smile>
All Best Wishes to Jeanne and yourself,
We Shall Overcome
Tony Hollick
============
Anduril@cix.compulink.co.uk
------------------- * * * * * ---------------
| Anduril@cix.compulink.co.uk * http://www.agora.demon.co.uk |
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------------------- * * * * * ---------------
POSTSCRIPT ONE:
>>>physics/general 1 anduril (2791) 1 May 93 5:47 *
TITLE: *** WELCOME TO 'PHYSICS/GENERAL' ***
"... seen as the result of human endeavour, of human dreams, hopes,
passions, and most of all, as the result of the most admirable union
of creative imagination and rational critical thought, I should like
to write 'Science' with the biggest capital 'S' to be found in the
printer's upper case.
Science is not only like art and literature, an adventure of the human
spirit, but it is among the creative arts perhaps the most human: full of
human failings and shortsightedness, it shows those flashes of insight
which open our eyes to the wonders of the world and of the human spirit.
But this is not all. Science is the direct result of that most human of all
human endeavours - to liberate ourselves. It is part of our endeavour to see
more clearly, to understand the world and ourselves, and to act as adult,
responsible and enlightened beings. 'Enlightenment', Kant wrote, 'is the
emancipation of man from self-imposed tutelage . . . from a state of in-
capacity to use his own intelligence without external guidance. Such a
state of tutelage I call "self-imposed" if it is due not to any lack of
intelligence but the lack of courage or determination to use one's own
intelligence instead of relying upon a leader. *Sapere Aude!* Dare to use
your own intelligence! This is the maxim of the enlightenment.' [ref.
6, Immanuel Kant, 'Was ist Aufklarung?']
Kant challenges us to use our intelligence instead of relying upon a
leader, upon an authority. This should be taken as a challenge to
reject even the scientific expert as a leader, or even *science itself*
Science has no authority. It is not the magical product of the given,
the data, the observations. It is not a gospel of truth. It is the result
of our own endeavours and mistakes. It is you and I who make science,
as well as we can. It is you and I who are responsible for it...
The nuclear bomb (and possibly also the so-called 'peaceful use of
atomic energy' whose consequences may be even worse in the long run)
have, I think, shown us the shallowness of the worship of science as an
'instrument' of our 'command over nature' or the 'control of our physical
environment': it has shown us that this command, this control, is apt to be
self-defeating, and apt to enslave us rather than to make us free - if it
does not do away with us altogether. And while knowledge is worth dying for,
power is not. (Knowledge is one of the few things that are worth dying for,
together with liberty, love, kindness, and helping those who are in need
of help)."
by Karl R. Popper
from "Realism and the Aim of Science"
Volume I of "The Postscript to The Logic of Scientific Discovery"
Edited by William Warren Bartley, III,
Publ. Hutchinson, 1983, pb. 1985
Copyright Karl Raimund Popper 1956, 1983
Sir Karl Popper, F. R. S., held fourteen honorary Doctorates from
U.S., British, German, Austrian, New Zealand and Canadian universites.
He was a member (or honorary member) of twelve academies, among them
the three oldest that still exist.
Works of his have been translated into 22 languages.
But Sir Karl was never impressed by great reputations, least of all
his own.
------------------- * * * * * ---------------
POSTSCRIPT TWO:
CV: Admiral Noel A. M. Gayler, USN (Ret).
=========================================
Born December 25, 1914, in Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America.
1931-1935 U.S. Naval Academy.
1935 Commissioned Ensign, USN.
1940 Flight Training course.
1940 Naval aviator, assigned to VF12 Squadron, USS Randolph, flying Grumman
F6F Hellcats from Navy carriers.
Served in the Pacific Theatre during WWII. Asst. to Admiral John M. Cain.
1957 Aide to Navy Secretary Thomas S. Gates.
1960 Aug:- Commanding Officer, CV61 USS Ranger (Aircraft Carrier).
1960 Rear Admiral.
1962-1963 Commander, Carrier Division TWENTY, US Atlantic Fleet.
1963-1965 Director, Development Programmes, Office of Chief Naval Officer.
1965-1967 Assistant Deputy Chief, Naval Operations (Development).
1967-1969 Deputy Director, Joint Strategic Planning Staff, Offut AFB.
1969-1972 Director, National Security Agency (DIRNSA).
1969-1972 Chief, Central Security Agency.
1972-1976 Commander-in-Chief Pacific Fleet and Armed Forces (CinCPAC).
Retired as 4-star Admiral. (Would have been five stars if the US had
formally declared the Vietnam conflict a war, as it in fact was).
Awarded:- Three Navy Crosses; Bronze Star Medal; Distinguished Service
Medal; Legion of Merit with Gold Star; Sperry Award of the Institute
of Aeronautical Sciences; other medals and awards.
Committee Member (with George Kennan>:
American Committee On East-West Accord
He has contributed to: "The Choice: Nuclear Weapons versus Security"
edited by Gwyn Prins, Cambridge, [1984]
[Ch: 2] A Commander-in-Chief's Perspective on Nuclear Weapons.
[Ch: 16] The Way Out: A General Nuclear Settlement.
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