---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Wed, 11 Apr 2001 12:00:15 PDT
From: AFP / Ben Perry <C-afp@clari.net>
Subject: British firm produces first transgenically-cloned piglets
                                             
   LONDON, April 11 (AFP) - The British firm which helped produce  
Dolly the sheep announced Wednesday it had brought into being the 
world's first transgenically-cloned piglets -- a major step towards 
creating animals whose organs can be safely transplanted into 
humans. 
   PPL Therapeutics said the transgenic cloning of the five piglets  
was one step further on from the company's announcement last year 
that it had produced the world's first cloned pigs. 
   The achievement is a major step towards creating genetically  
modified pigs whose organs and cells can be transplanted into 
humans, a process known as xenotransplantation, the biotechnology 
firm said in a statement. 
   By transgenically cloning the piglets it aims to produce animals  
without the gene which causes their organs to be rejected by the 
human body after transplantation. 
   "Xenotransplantation is the only near-term solution to solving  
the worldwide organ shortage crisis," PPL added. 
   Clinical trials of the process could start in as little as four  
to five years and analysts estimate the organs market could be worth 
five billion dollars (5.7 billion euros, 3.5 billion pounds), the 
firm believes. 
   It could be worth as much again in terms of cellular therapies,  
such as transplantable cells that produce insulin for treatment of 
diabetes, it said. 
   Last year, the Roslin Institute, who along with PPL achieved  
fame in 1997 for producing Dolly, the first successful cloning of a 
mammal from an adult cell, postponed experiments aimed at 
transplanting pig organs for use in human bodies amid fears that 
unknown diseases could jump the species barrier. 
   "The concern is mainly unknown viruses, that's the frightening  
thing," Ian Wilmut, head of the Scottish research centre near 
Edinburgh, said following the postponement. 
   "It's possible there could be viruses we don't know about that  
could be released into the human population," he added. 
   He said that there was "a certain reduction in the optimism of  
how practical it will be to take animals and use them in this way". 
   A spokesman for the Church of Scotland's Society, Religion and  
Technology Project urged caution following PPL's breakthrough 
announcement. 
   "No one knows if all the rejection mechanisms can be overcome  
sufficiently to make the medical case strong enough," said Dr Donald 
Bruce. 
   "To do so requires the multiple genetic engineering of a large  
animal which is uncharted scientific territory. 
   "We therefore caution against jumping to the conclusion that the  
science will inevitably work well enough -- it may, it may not," he 
added. 
                     
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