Authors
Shirahata S. Kabayama S. Nakano M. Miura T. Kusumoto K. Gotoh M.
Hayashi H. Otsubo K. Morisawa S. Katakura Y.
Institution
Institute of Cellular Regulation Technology, Graduate School of Genetic
Resources Technology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
sirahata:grt.kyushu-u.ac.jp
Title
Electrolyzed-reduced water scavenges active
oxygen species and protects DNA from oxidative damage.
Source
Biochemical & Biophysical Research Communications. 234(1):269-74, 1997 May
8.
Abstract
Active oxygen species or free radicals are considered to cause extensive
oxidative damage to biological macromolecules, which brings about a variety
of diseases as well as aging. The ideal scavenger for active oxygen should be
'active hydrogen'. 'Active hydrogen' can be produced in reduced
water near the cathode during electrolysis of
water. Reduced water exhibits high pH, low
dissolved oxygen (DO), extremely high dissolved molecular hydrogen (DH), and
extremely negative redox potential (RP) values. Strongly
electrolyzed-reduced water, as well as
ascorbic acid, (+)-catechin and tannic acid, completely scavenged O.-2
produced by the hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase (HX-XOD) system in sodium
phosphate buffer (pH 7.0). The superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity of
reduced water is stable at 4 degrees C for over a month and
was not lost even after neutralization, repeated freezing and melting,
deflation with sonication, vigorous mixing, boiling, repeated filtration, or
closed autoclaving, but was lost by opened autoclaving or by closed
autoclaving in the presence of tungsten trioxide which efficiently adsorbs
active atomic hydrogen. Water bubbled with hydrogen gas
exhibited low DO, extremely high DH and extremely low RP values, as does
reduced water, but it has no SOD-like activity. These
results suggest that the SOD-like activity of reduced water
is not due to the dissolved molecular hydrogen but due to the dissolved
atomic hydrogen (active hydrogen). Although SOD accumulated H2O2 when added
to the HX-XOD system, reduced water decreased the amount of
H2O2 produced by XOD. Reduced water, as well as catalase and
ascorbic acid, could directly scavenge H2O2. Reduce water
suppresses single-strand breakage of DNA b active oxygen species produced by
the Cu(II)-catalyzed oxidation of ascorbic acid in a dose-dependent manner,
suggesting that reduced water can scavenge not only O2.- and
H2O2, but also 1O2 and .OH.